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Yes. Under ARS 11-1020 and 11-1025, a dog owner is strictly liable for bites when the victim is lawfully on public or private property, regardless of prior vicious propensity. The one-bite rule does not apply to bite injuries in Arizona.
One year under the strict-liability statute (ARS 11-1028), or two years under the common-law negligence theory (ARS 12-542). Use whichever fits, but file under the strict-liability statute within twelve months or you may lose that theory.
Provocation is a defense under ARS 11-1027. Self-defense, trespass, or teasing can reduce or bar recovery. Courts apply a reasonable-person standard; a child cannot normally provoke a dog as a matter of law. Documentation and witness testimony decide these cases.
Usually yes under the liability section of a standard HO-3 policy, unless the breed is excluded. Some insurers exclude specific breeds (rottweilers, pit bulls) or prior-bite dogs. Check the declarations. A renter's policy covers bites in rented homes too.
Seek medical treatment (rabies, tetanus, wound care). Report the bite to the county animal control, required in most Arizona counties. Photograph injuries and the scene. Get the owner's name, address, and insurance. Do not sign anything from the owner or their insurer.